Driving torque for a steer-by-wire system hand wheel actuator based on the reference driving torque from an electric power steering system
 
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Bielsko-Biała, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
 
These authors had equal contribution to this work
 
 
Submission date: 2025-10-25
 
 
Final revision date: 2026-03-27
 
 
Acceptance date: 2026-05-04
 
 
Online publication date: 2026-06-20
 
 
Corresponding author
Marek Bogdan Brykczyński   

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Combustion Engines and Vehicles, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, 43-300, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
This paper experimentally determines an electric motor driving torque for a steer-by-wire (SBW) system hand wheel actuator (HWA). An equivalent electric motor driving torque for an SBW system HWA is determined with an objective to mirror the steering wheel angular position trajectory of an electric power steering (EPS) system by iterative examination of steering wheel trajectories of the SBW system HWA obtained for a series of driving torques against those from a reference EPS. The objective function criteria are defined by a maximum value of a mean relative error of the steering wheel angular position.
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