This study investigates the fatigue damage development in MAR-M247, a nickel-based superalloy with aluminide coating, using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The alloy’s microstructures, including fine, coarse, and columnar grains, were analyzed to understand their influence on fatigue crack initiation and propagation. Fatigue tests were conducted at room temperature under controlled force, with strain evolution monitored through non-contact full-field DIC measurements. Results revealed that fine-grained MAR-M247 exhibited superior fatigue resistance due to uniform strain distribution, while coarse-grained and columnar structures showed pronounced strain localization and earlier crack initiation. The application of aluminide coatings did not significantly affect strain distribution across the different microstructures but highlighted complex interactions between coating and grain structure under cyclic loading. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing the performance of MAR-M247 for high-stress applications.